关于新疆的24个谎言与真相
日前,新华社刊发了关于涉疆问题的谎言与事实真相。以下为双语全文:
关于新疆的24个谎言与真相
Fact Check: Lies on Xinjiang-related issues versus the truth
引言
Preface
中国新疆是个好地方。56个民族像石榴籽一样紧紧抱在一起,共同建设美好家园,推动新疆社会稳定安宁,经济繁荣发展,文化传承昌盛,民族团结和谐,宗教信仰自由,各族人民安居乐业。
Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is a land of beauty, diversity and unity. Fifty-six ethnic groups are closely united as family members, just like pomegranate seeds that stick together, to build a beautiful homeland, maintain social stability, and realize economic development and prosperity, flourishing cultural heritage preservation, ethnic unity and harmony, and freedom of religious belief, with people of different ethnic groups living and working in peace and contentment.
谎言终究是谎言,只能蒙蔽一时,无法取信于世。当面对事实与真相,谎言终将无所遁形,归于毁灭。
Lies may mislead people for a while, but cannot win the trust of the world. Facts and truthfulness will eventually bust all lies.
事实真相:
Fact check:
◆近年来,新疆维吾尔族人口持续增长。2010年至2018年,新疆维吾尔族人口从1017.15万人上升至1271.84万人,增加254.69万人,增长25.04%,维吾尔族人口的增幅不仅高于全疆人口13.99%的增幅,也高于全部少数民族人口22.14%的增幅,更明显高于汉族人口2.0%的增幅。
In recent years, the Uygur population in Xinjiang has been growing steadily. From 2010 to 2018, the Uygur population in Xinjiang rose from 10.17 million to 12.72 million, an increase of 2.55 million or 25.04 percent. The growth rate of the Uygur population is not only higher than that of Xinjiang’s total population, which is 13.99 percent, but also higher than that of all ethnic minority groups, which is 22.14 percent, let alone the Han population’s 2 percent.
◆新疆各族人民合法权益得到有效保护。各民族不论人口多少,都具有同等法律地位,都依法享有参与国家事务管理、宗教信仰自由、接受教育、使用本民族语言文字、继承本民族传统文化等各项权利。
谎言二:郑国恩发布报告称,中国新疆对维吾尔族妇女实施“强制绝育”,造成维族人口大幅下降。
Lie No. 2: Adrian Zenz released reports claiming Xinjiang has carried out “forced sterilization” on the Uygur women, resulting in a sharp decline in the Uygur population.
事实真相:
Fact check:
◆郑国恩的“报告”充斥着大量捏造事实、篡改数据的地方。“报告”提到所谓“强制绝育”证据:“2018年中国80%的宫内节育器的新增例数都发生在新疆”和“2018年新疆和田和喀什地区人口自然增长率仅为2.58‰”都与客观事实严重不符。
根据国家卫健委出版的《中国卫生健康统计年鉴2019》数据显示,2018年新疆新增放置节育器例数为328475例,全国新增例数为3774318例,新疆新增例数仅占全国新增例数的8.7%。据新疆维吾尔自治区统计局发布的2019年《新疆统计年鉴》显示,2018年喀什地区人口自然增长率为6.93‰,和田地区为2.96‰。
— According to data from China Health Statistics Yearbook 2019, published by the National Health Commission, the number of new IUD insertion procedures in Xinjiang in 2018 came in at 328,475, accounting for only 8.7 percent of China’s total, which was 3,774,318.
— According to the 2019 Xinjiang statistical yearbook released by the statistics bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the natural population growth rates in Kashgar and Hotan were 6.93 per 1,000 people and 2.96 per 1,000 people, respectively, in 2018.
谎言三:英国广播公司(BBC)“新闻之夜”爆料,早木热·达吾提称其在新疆教培中心“被强制绝育”。
Lie No. 3: BBC Newsnight once reported that Zumrat Dawut (Zamira Dawut) was “forced to go through sterilization” in a vocational education and training center.
事实真相:
Fact check:
◆早木热·达吾提从未在教培中心学习过。她的五哥阿不都黑力·达吾提此前已经澄清过。
Zamira Dawut has never studied in any vocational education and training center. Her elder brother Abduhelil Dawut has previously clarified that.
◆她称自己从教培中心获释后,因生育三个孩子被“强制绝育”,摘除子宫。事实上2013年3月,早木热·达吾提在乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院妇产医院生第三个孩子时,自己在《分娩志愿同意书》上签字,表示同意剖宫产、要结扎,随后在医院做了剖宫产、结扎手术,根本没有被绝育,更没有被摘除子宫。
◆她称“在结对亲戚家遭遇猪肉宴”。事实上,早木热·达吾提所称其“结对亲戚”,实际上是她的五哥阿不都黑力·达吾提的结对亲戚赵麒麟。2017年10月,阿不都黑力·达吾提与赵麒麟结为亲戚。2018年1月,赵麒麟邀请阿不都黑力·达吾提一家前往家中做客,早木热·达吾提本人一同参加。赵麒麟母亲亲自下厨为客人准备饭菜。因赵麒麟母亲为回族,饮食清真,根本不可能提供“猪肉宴”。
— She claimed that she was served with pork in a relative’s home. In fact, the relative she referred to is her elder brother Abduhelil Dawut’s pairing relative Zhao Qilin. In October 2017, Abduhelil was paired up with Zhao as “relatives,” as part of an ethnic unity program. In January 2018, Abduhelil was invited to Zhao’s home as a guest, in company with his younger sister Zamira Dawut. The meal was prepared by Zhao’s mother, who herself is an ethnic Hui and a Muslim, and only eats halal food. It was impossible for her to provide a “pork meal.”
谎言四:米日古丽·图尔逊在接受外国媒体采访时称,她在教培中心期间被迫服用未知药物,后被美国医生确定为绝育。
事实真相:
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谎言五:新疆设立“再教育营”,拘押数百万维吾尔穆斯林。
事实真相:
Fact check:
◆新疆从来不存在所谓“再教育营”。
Xinjiang has never had any so-called “re-education camps.”
◆教培中心学员通过“三学一去”,即学习国家通用语言文字、法律知识和职业技能,实现去极端化目标。2019年10月,在新疆教培中心参加“三学一去”培训的学员已全部结业,并大都实现了稳定就业,过上了安宁生活。
谎言六:新疆教培中心对学员进行“宗教控制”、政治灌输和恐吓酷刑。
Lie No. 6: Xinjiang vocational education and training centers exercised “religious control,” political indoctrination, intimidation and torture over the trainees.
事实真相:
Fact check:
◆教培中心充分尊重和保护学员宗教信仰自由、民族风俗习惯和使用本民族语言文字的权利。信教学员回家时可以自主决定是否参与合法宗教活动;免费提供种类繁多、营养丰富的清真饮食;各项规章制度、课程表、食谱等均使用国家通用语言文字和当地少数民族语言文字。
谎言七:境外一些媒体和社交平台有“寻人帖”,海外维吾尔人称自己在新疆的“亲人”“朋友”“失联”“失踪”。
事实真相:
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◆新疆依法保障包括维吾尔族在内的各族群众的出行自由,以及他们与境外亲属之间的通讯联系。
“澳大利亚广播公司”曾报道在澳居住的中国公民艾孜买提·吾买尔与疆内的父亲、继母、三个兄弟、两个姐妹和20多个侄子、侄女、外甥、外甥女“失联”。但经核查发现,其在华所有亲属均正常生活。
— The Australian Broadcasting Corporation once reported that Azmat Omar, a Chinese citizen living in Australia, claimed that he had lost contact with his family in Xinjiang. They included his father, stepmother, three brothers, two sisters, and over 20 other relatives. However, the fact is that all his relatives in China are living a normal life.
谎言八:新疆利用新冠病毒消灭维吾尔人,不少人感染病毒后悲惨去世。
事实真相:
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Lie No. 9: China systematically transferred 80,000 Uygurs out of Xinjiang and assigned them as “forced labor” to factories in other provinces.
事实真相:
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◆自2018年以来,新疆累计15.1万人转移就业,其中大多数是疆内跨地区就业,到其他省市就业约1.47万人,主要通过同乡介绍、亲戚帮带、人力资源市场匹配岗位等方式实现。新疆赴其他省份务工人员的民族风俗、语言文化和宗教信仰等方面权益都依法得到充分保障。他们不少人年收入达到4.5万元,比在老家务农或务工的收入高出数倍。
谎言十:新疆强迫大量维吾尔人摘棉花,污染全球供应链。
事实真相:
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◆前些年,每到棉花成熟的秋季,河南、四川等地有很多农民工坐着火车到新疆采棉,他们被称为“采棉大军”。新疆也有各族农民工前去采棉,他们一起劳动,相互关心,结下了深厚友谊。疆内外的这些采棉工都是自愿去的,短短一个月收入就能达到上万元。
A few years ago, when cotton matured in autumn, many migrant workers from Henan, Sichuan and other places would take trains to Xinjiang to pick cotton. They were called “the cotton-picking forces.” Migrant workers of various ethnic groups in Xinjiang would also go to pick cotton. They worked together, cared for each other and forged a deep friendship. These cotton pickers in and out of Xinjiang were all voluntary, and their incomes could reach over 10,000 yuan in just a month.
◆这些年,随着科技的发展,新疆的棉花生产已经实现了高度机械化,即使在忙碌的采摘季节,也根本用不着大量的“采棉工”。比如,自2015年开始,新疆巴州地区的棉花,大部分已经使用机器采摘。
— In recent years, with the development of science and technology, cotton production has been highly mechanized in Xinjiang. Even in the busy cotton harvesting season, there is no need for a large number of cotton pickers. For example, since 2015, most of the cotton in the Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Bayingolin in Xinjiang has been harvested by machines.
Lie No. 11: Xinjiang adopts an assimilation policy towards ethnic minorities in an attempt to systematically eliminate the Uygur culture.
事实真相:
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◆新疆维吾尔自治区各民族充分享有保持或者改革本民族的风俗习惯的自由。新疆维吾尔自治区严格遵守宪法和法律规定,高度重视各民族优秀传统文化的保护和发展。
◆新疆各民族文化遗产得到保护。一批代表维吾尔、蒙古、回、锡伯等少数民族优秀历史文化遗产的著名建筑,如喀什阿帕克和卓麻扎、霍城秃黑鲁·帖木尔汗麻扎、昭苏喇嘛庙、和静蒙古王爷府、且末托乎拉克庄园等,均得到了妥善维修和保护。维吾尔木卡姆艺术、柯尔克孜史诗《玛纳斯》等被列入联合国教科文组织“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”和“急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录”。
◆民族优秀传统文化得到传承。维吾尔族“麦西来甫”、哈萨克族“阿依特斯”、柯尔克孜族“库姆孜弹唱会”、蒙古族“那达慕大会”、锡伯族“西迁节”、汉族“元宵灯会”等民族传统文艺活动广泛开展。一批反映时代巨变的具有浓郁民族特色、地域特点的优秀剧目,如维吾尔剧《艾里甫与赛乃姆》、哈萨克族《阿依特斯》、柯尔克孜族“玛纳斯奇”弹唱《玛纳斯》等相继搬上艺术舞台。
◆新疆维吾尔自治区充分保障各民族在饮食、节庆、婚丧礼仪等方面的风俗习惯。新疆大中城市和有穆斯林群众的小城镇保持一定数量的清真饭馆;在交通要道以及有少数民族职工的单位,设立“清真食堂”或“清真灶”;供应穆斯林群众的牛羊肉,按照其风俗习惯进行宰杀处理、储运销售。各少数民族在自己的传统节日,如“古尔邦节”和“肉孜节”期间,都能享受到法定的节日假期。
◆目前,新疆各民族主要使用10种语言和文字。少数民族文字在司法、行政、教育、新闻出版、广播电视、互联网等公共事务领域广泛使用。新疆人民广播电台现有汉语、维吾尔语、哈萨克语、蒙古语、柯尔克孜语5种语言的12套广播节目。新疆中小学广泛开设了维吾尔语、哈萨克语、柯尔克孜语、蒙古语、锡伯语等多个少数民族语言文字课程。中国人民币纸币,上面印有汉语、藏语、维吾尔语、蒙古语和壮语一共5种语言。
谎言十二:新疆一些地区摧毁少数民族墓地。
事实真相:
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◆新疆历来充分尊重少数民族丧葬习俗,制定了一系列法规和政策,保障少数民族群众丧葬基本权益。采取划拨专用土地、建立专用公墓等措施,满足有土葬习俗的少数民族丧葬需求,少数民族传统丧葬习惯“站礼、送葬、过乃孜尔”等都得到了保留。
事实真相:
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◆新疆寄宿制学校建设是新疆从自治区实际出发,采取的一项旨在教育扶贫、提高义务教育质量的安排,有助于提高少数民族中小学校教育现代化水平,促进新疆各民族的交往交流。新疆开办寄宿制学校的做法,与中国其他地区,与世界其他国家开办此类学校没有本质不同。
谎言十四:新疆学校用汉语取代民族语言,对他们进行“洗脑”。新疆禁止少数民族学生使用本民族语言,关闭维吾尔语学校。
Lie No. 14: Schools in Xinjiang replace ethnic languages with Chinese to “brainwash” the students. Xinjiang has banned ethnic minority students from using their own languages and closed schools of the Uygur language.
事实真相:
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◆《中华人民共和国宪法》《中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法》规定,公民有学习和使用国家通用语言文字的权利,国家为公民学习和使用国家通用语言文字提供条件。新疆在推进国家通用语言文字教育的同时,按照国家中小学课程设置方案要求,也开设了少数民族语言文字课程,充分保障了少数民族学生学习本民族语言文字的权利,有效促进了少数民族语言文化的传承发展。
◆新疆维吾尔自治区使用7种语言开展中小学教育。目前,新疆在学前和中小学全面普及国家通用语言文字教学、加授本民族语言文字的双语教育。学会使用国家通用语言文字,可以更好地融入和适应现代社会,不论学习、找工作,还是交流对话、经商务工都会有更多的便利。
— Primary and secondary education in Xinjiang is conducted in seven languages. At present, preschools and primary and secondary schools across Xinjiang provide bilingual education in the national standard spoken and written language, as well as one ethnic language. Learning to use the national standard language can help people better integrate and adapt to modern society. It brings more convenience in studies, job hunting, communication, business, and work.
谎言十五:新疆以打击恐怖主义为借口镇压少数民族。
事实真相:
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谎言十六:新疆实行“访惠聚”举措,“民族团结一家亲”和民族团结联谊等活动是为了介入并监视维吾尔家庭。
Lie No. 16: The “fanghuiju” campaign, in which civil servants are dispatched to grass-roots communities to offer help to people of various ethnic groups, as well as the “ethnic unity campaign” and solidarity activities among cadres and people of different ethnic groups, are all adopted by Xinjiang with the aim of intervening in and monitoring Uygur families.
事实真相:
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◆各族干部群众交往交流交融,相互尊重,相互帮助,广大干部职工充分发挥自身特长优势,积极引导基层群众拓展致富门路,帮助他们解决就医、就业、就学等生产生活中的实际困难,办了许多得民心顺民意的好事实事。据统计,参加“民族团结一家亲”和民族团结联谊活动的干部职工为基层群众捐款9.4亿元,捐物4921万件,办好事实事1803万件。
谎言十七:新疆通过无处不在的摄像头、手机APP、互联网综合信息等高科技手段监控维吾尔族穆斯林。
Lie No. 17: Xinjiang monitors Uygur Muslims through ubiquitous cameras, mobile phone apps, the internet and other high-tech means.
事实真相:
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◆新疆依法在城乡公共区域、主要道路、交通枢纽等公共场所安装摄像头,目的是为了提高社会治理水平、有效预防和打击犯罪,这些措施增强了社会安全感,得到了各族群众的普遍支持。相关措施不针对任何特定民族。
◆运用现代科技产品和大数据方法提升社会治理水平是国际社会通行做法。根据《南华早报》报道,最新研究发现,监控摄像头数量排名全球前十的国家包括英国、德国、法国、荷兰等。
— The use of modern scientific and technological products and big data to improve social governance is a common practice in the international community. According to the South China Morning Post, a new study found that Britain, Germany, France and the Netherlands are among the top 10 countries in terms of the number of surveillance cameras in the world.
谎言十八:中国驻外使领馆不为海外维吾尔族人换发护照,迫使其回国接受法外拘留或监禁。
事实真相:
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◆中国公民的人身自由和出入境权利依法受到保护。只要属于中国籍公民,且自己承认是中国公民,未违反中国法律法规的,均可向居住地的中国使领馆申请换发或补发护照。
◆中国驻外使领馆按照《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》《中华人民共和国护照法》等法律法规办理相关业务,依法保障包括各民族在内的海外华侨华人合法权益。向中国驻外使领馆提出换发或补发护照申请的中国新疆籍人员,经审批符合有关法律的,已获得受理并批准。
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◆2019年9月3日至7日,美国全国广播公司(NBC)记者赴新疆采访报道。
– From Sept 3 to 7, 2019, NBC reporters went to Xinjiang for reporting.
◆2020年12月,英国广播公司(BBC)记者赴新疆库车等地采访报道。
— In December 2020, BBC reporters went to Kuqa County and other places in Xinjiang for reporting.
谎言二十:联合国人权高专访问新疆会受到限制。
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Lie No. 21: Xinjiang suppresses Islam and freedom of religious belief.
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◆新疆翻译出版了汉文、维吾尔文、哈萨克文、柯尔克孜文等4种文字的《古兰经》《布哈里圣训实录精华》等宗教经典书籍,为各族信教群众获得宗教知识提供便利。
谎言二十二:新疆大规模拆除清真寺。
Lie No. 22: Xinjiang demolishes many mosques.
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谎言二十三:新疆“迫害”宗教人士。
Lie No. 23: Xinjiang “persecutes” religious personnel.
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谎言二十四:新疆禁止穆斯林封斋。
Lie No. 24: Xinjiang bans fasting of Muslims.
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来源:新华网